Portugal visas & residency: the complete 2026 guide

On this page: EU citizens · Compare all visas · D7 · D8 digital nomad · D2 entrepreneur · Startup & Tech · Golden Visa · Family & other routes · How to apply · Path to citizenship · FAQ

Two things shape which route is right for you: your nationality and your source of income or activity. EU citizens barely need paperwork. Non-EU nationals almost always follow a two-stage system — a consular entry visa, then a residence permit collected from AIMA, the immigration agency that replaced the former SEF in 2023. Before anything else, you will need a Portuguese NIF (tax number), which you can get remotely.

EU, EEA & Swiss citizens

If you hold citizenship of an EU/EEA country or Switzerland, you do not need a visa or residence permit at all. You have a treaty right to live in Portugal. After three months you formalise it with a registration certificate (Certificado de Registo) from your local Câmara Municipal, showing you work, are self-employed, study, or have sufficient means. It is inexpensive and usually issued the same day. After five years you can request permanent residence.

Portugal visa comparison (2026)

D7 Visa — passive income & retirement

The D7 is Portugal's original residency route for people who can support themselves from passive income — pensions, rental income, dividends or savings. You need to show stable income at least equal to the national minimum wage (€920/month in 2026), plus a buffer of savings and genuine ties such as accommodation. It remains the go-to route for retirees. Full detail in our D7 visa guide and retiring in Portugal guide.

D8 Digital Nomad Visa — remote workers

The D8 was built for people who earn online from outside Portugal. The income bar is roughly €3,680/month (four times the minimum wage), with about €11,040 in savings and more for dependants. It comes in a temporary-stay version and a residency version — most people want the latter. See the full D8 digital nomad visa guide.

D2 Visa — entrepreneurs & the self-employed

The D2 suits non-EU nationals starting or relocating a business, or working as independent service providers, in Portugal. You present a credible business plan, evidence of means or investment, and often incorporate a company first — see how to open a company. Our D2 visa guide covers the requirements.

Startup Visa & Tech Visa

Two founder- and talent-focused routes. The Startup Visa is for innovative, scalable projects endorsed by an IAPMEI-accredited incubator — an area rooted in GrowIN's own heritage. The Tech Visa lets certified Portuguese companies hire skilled non-EU professionals. Our Portugal startup ecosystem overview gives the wider context.

Golden Visa (2026)

The investment route has been reshaped. The real-estate option was removed — property purchases and real-estate funds no longer qualify. Current routes centre on a €500,000 subscription into a qualifying CMVM-regulated fund, €500,000 into scientific research, €250,000 supporting arts and heritage, or company creation with jobs. Processing through AIMA is slow. See our Golden Visa guide and the 2026 legislative changes.

Family reunification & other routes

Once you hold a residence permit, close family can usually join you through family reunification. There are also study, work and job-seeker routes. If you have Portuguese ancestry, you may skip the visa system entirely — see citizenship by descent.

How to apply, in outline

1. Get your NIF and open a Portuguese bank account.
2. Assemble evidence for your route (income, savings, business plan, or investment) plus a criminal-record certificate, health insurance and proof of accommodation.
3. Apply for the entry visa at the Portuguese consulate for your area.
4. Enter Portugal and attend your AIMA appointment to collect the residence permit — see booking an AIMA appointment.
5. Renew on schedule — see permit renewals — and after five years consider permanent residency.

From visa to citizenship

Under the Nationality Law in force since 19 May 2026, naturalisation requires seven years of lawful residence for EU and Portuguese-speaking-country (CPLP) nationals and ten years for everyone else, plus A2-level Portuguese, with the clock starting from the date your permit is issued. This is longer than the old five-year rule. See our 2026 Portuguese citizenship guide.

Immigration rules and thresholds change, and outcomes rest with the consulate and AIMA. Treat this as a starting point and confirm the current checklist for your route with AIMA.