The official source behind 8 verified facts in the GrowIN Data Ledger.
| Fact | Value | Verified |
|---|---|---|
| Sociedade por Quotas (Lda) | The standard private limited company: two or more quotaholders whose liability is, in principle, limited to the company assets. Capital is divided into quotas (not shares). This is the usual vehicle for a small or medium business. | |
| Sociedade Unipessoal por Quotas | A single-member private limited company: one quotaholder (a natural or legal person) holding a single quota representing the whole capital. Same limited-liability logic as an Lda, for a sole founder. | |
| Sociedade Anónima (SA) | The public limited company (share capital divided into shares). Generally requires a minimum of 5 shareholders and a minimum share capital of €50,000. Used for larger ventures, not the typical small-business setup. | |
| Lda — minimum quotaholders | An Lda requires at least two quotaholders; a single founder incorporates a Sociedade Unipessoal por Quotas instead. | |
| Sociedade por Quotas — minimum share capital | The share capital is freely set by the quotaholders in the articles; each quota must have a nominal value of at least €1. There is no €5,000 minimum (abolished in 2011). | |
| Quotaholder liability | Liability is limited: each quotaholder is liable only for their own subscribed contribution, and is jointly liable with the others for the full paid-up of the share capital. Company debts are answered for by the company assets. | |
| Management — gerência | An Lda is managed by one or more gerentes (managers), who may be quotaholders or not. The gerentes bind the company and are appointed in the articles or by shareholder resolution. | |
| Share capital — realisation | The founders declare the share capital at incorporation. Cash contributions do not need to be deposited up front — they can be paid into the company bank account by the end of the first financial year. |
